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Appendix T Patent Cooperation Treaty
Introductory Provisions
Article 1 Establishment of a Union
Article 2 Definitions
Chapter I International Application and International Search
Article 3 The International Application
Article 4 The Request
Article 5 The Description
Article 6 The Claims
Article 7 The Drawings
Article 8 Claiming Priority
Article 9 The Applicant
Article 10 The Receiving Office
Article 11 Filing Date and Effects of the International Application
Article 12 Transmittal of the International Application to the International Bureau and the International Searching Authority
Article 13 Availability of Copy of the International Application to the Designated Offices
Article 14 Certain Defects in the International Application
Article 15 The International Search
Article 16 The International Searching Authority
Article 17 Procedure Before the International Searching Authority
Article 18 The International Search Report
Article 19 Amendment of the Claims Before the International Bureau
Article 20 Communication to Designated Offices
Article 21 International Publication
Article 22 Copy, Translation, and Fee to Designated Offices
Article 23 Delaying of National Procedure
Article 24 Possible Loss of Effect in Designated States
Article 25 Review by Designated Offices
Article 26 Opportunity to Correct Before Designated Offices
Article 27 National Requirements
Article 28 Amendment of the Claims, the Description, and the Drawings, Before Designated Offices
Article 29 Effects of the International Publication
Article 30 Confidential Nature of the International Application
Chapter II International Preliminary Examination
Article 31 Demand for International Preliminary Examination
Article 32 The International Preliminary Examining Authority
Article 33 The International Preliminary Examination
Article 34 Procedure Before the International Preliminary Examining Authority
Article 35 The International Preliminary Examination Report
Article 36 Transmittal, Translation, and Communication of the International Preliminary Examination Report
Article 37 Withdrawal of Demand or Election
Article 38 Confidential Nature of the International Preliminary Examination
Article 39 Copy, Translation, and Fee, to Elected Offices
Article 40 Delaying of National Examination and Other Processing
Article 41 Amendment of the Claims, the Description, and the Drawings, before Elected Offices
Article 42 Results of National Examination in Elected Offices
Chapter III Common Provisions
Article 43 Seeking Certain Kinds of Protection
Article 44 Seeking Two Kinds of Protection
Article 45 Regional Patent Treaties
Article 46 Incorrect Translation of the International Application
Article 47 Time Limits
Article 48 Delay in Meeting Certain Time Limits
Article 49 Right to Practice Before International Authorities
Chapter IV Technical Services
Article 50 Patent Information Service
Article 51 Technical Assistance
Article 52 Relations with Other Provisions of the Treaty
Chapter V Administrative Provisions
Article 53 Assembly
Article 54 Executive Committee
Article 55 International Bureau
Article 56 Committee for Technical Cooperation
Article 57 Finances
Article 58 Regulations
Chapter VI Disputes
Article 59 Disputes
Chapter VII Revision and Amendments
Article 60 Revision of the Treaty
Article 61 Amendment of Certain Provisions of the Treaty
Chapter VIII Final Provisions
Article 62 Becoming Party to the Treaty
Article 63 Entry into Force of the Treaty
Article 64 Reservations
Article 65 Gradual Application
Article 66 Denunciation
Article 67 Signature and Languages
Article 68 Depositary Functions
Article 69 Notifications
Chapter Introductory Rules
Rule 1 Abbreviated Expressions
1.1 Meaning of Abbreviated Expressions
Rule 2 Interpretation of Certain Words
2.1 "Applicant"
2.2 "Agent"
2.2 bis "Common Representative"
2.3 "Signature"
Rules Concerning Chapter I of the Treaty
Rule 3 The Request (Form)
3.1 Form of Request
3.2 Availability of Forms
3.3 Check List
3.4 Particulars
Rule 4 The Request (Contents)
4.1 Mandatory and Optional Contents; Signature
4.2 The Petition
4.3 Title of the Invention
4.4 Names and Addresses
4.5 The Applicant
4.6 The Inventor
4.7 The Agent
4.8 Common Representative
4.9 Designation of States; Kinds of Protection; National and Regional Patents
4.10 Priority Claim
4.11 Reference to Earlier Search, Continuation or Continuation-in-Part, or Parent Application or Grant
4.12 [Deleted]
4.13 [Deleted]
4.14 [Deleted]
4.14 bis Choice of International Searching Authority
4.15 Signature
4.16 Transliteration or Translation of Certain Words
4.17 Declarations Relating to National Requirements Referred to in Rule 51 bis .1(a)(i) to (v)
4.18 Additional Matter
Rule 5 The Description
5.1 Manner of the Description
5.2 Nucleotide and/or Amino Acid Sequence Disclosure
Rule 6 The Claims
6.1 Number and Numbering of Claims
6.2 References to Other Parts of the International Application
6.3 Manner of Claiming
6.4 Dependent Claims
6.5 Utility Models
Rule 7 The Drawings
7.1 Flow Sheets and Diagrams
7.2 Time Limit
Rule 8 The Abstract
8.1 Contents and Form of the Abstract
8.2 Figure
8.3 Guiding Principles in Drafting
Rule 9 Expressions, Etc., Not To Be Used
9.1 Definition
9.2 Noting of Lack of Compliance
9.3 Reference to Article 21 (6)
Rule 10 Terminology and Signs
10.1 Terminology and Signs
10.2 Consistency
Rule 11 Physical Requirements of the International Application
11.1 Number of Copies
11.2 Fitness for Reproduction
11.3 Material to Be Used
11.4 Separate Sheets, Etc.
11.5 Size of Sheets
11.6 Margins
11.7 Numbering of Sheets
11.8 Numbering of Lines
11.9 Writing of Text Matter
11.10 Drawings, Formulae, and Tables, in Text Matter
11.11 Words in Drawings
11.12 Alterations, Etc.
11.13 Special Requirements for Drawings
11.14 Later Documents
Rule 12 Language of the International Application and Translation for the Purposes of International Search and International Publication
12.1 Languages Accepted for the Filing of International Applications
12.2 Language of Changes in the International Application
12.3 Translation for the Purposes of International Search
12.4 Translation for the Purposes of International Publication
Rule 13 Unity of Invention
13.1 Requirement
13.2 Circumstances in Which the Requirement of Unity of Invention Is to Be Considered Fulfilled
13.3 Determination of Unity of Invention Not Affected Manner of Claiming
13.4 Dependent Claims
13.5 Utility Models
Rule 13 bis Inventions Relating to Biological Material
13 bis .1 Definition
13 bis .2 References (General)
13 bis .3 References: Contents; Failure to Include Reference or Indication
13 bis .4 References: Time Limit for Furnishing Indications
13 bis .5 References and Indications for the Purposes of One or More Designated States; Different Deposits for Different Designated States; Deposits with Depositary Institutions Other Than Those Notified
13 bis .6 Furnishing of Samples
13 bis .7 National Requirements: Notification and Publication
Rule 13 ter Nucleotide and/or Amino Acid Sequence Listings
13 ter .1 Sequence Listing for International Authorities
13 ter .2 Sequence Listing for Designated Office
Rule 14 The Transmittal Fee
14.1 The Transmittal Fee
Rule 15 The International Filing Fee
15.1 The International Filing Fee
15.2 Amount
15.3 [Deleted]
15.4 Time Limit for Payment; Amount Payable
15.5 [Deleted]
15.6 Refund
Rule 16 The Search Fee
16.1 Right to Ask for a Fee
16.2 Refund
16.3 Partial Refund
Rule 16 bis Extension of Time Limits for Payment of Fees
16 bis .1 Invitation by the Receiving Office
16 bis .2 Late Payment Fee
Rule 17 The Priority Document
17.1 Obligation to Submit Copy of Earlier National or International Application
17.2 Availability of Copies
Rule 18 The Applicant
18.1 Residence and Nationality
18.2 [Deleted]
18.3 Two or More Applicants
18.4 Information on Requirements Under National Law as to Applicants
Rule 19 The Competent Receiving Office
19.1 Where to File
19.2 Two or More Applicants
19.3 Publication of Fact of Delegation of Duties of Receiving Office
19.4 Transmittal to the International Bureau as Receiving Office
Rule 20 Receipt of the International Application
20.1 Date and Number
20.2 Receipt on Different Days
20.3 Corrected International Application
20.3 bis [Deleted]
20.4 Determination Under Article 11 (1)
20.5 Positive Determination
20.6 Invitation to Correct
20.7 Negative Determination
20.8 Error by the Receiving Office
20.9 Certified Copy for the Applicant
Rule 21 Preparation of Copies
21.1 Responsibility of the Receiving Office
Rule 22 Transmittal of the Record Copy and Translation
22.1 Procedure
22.2 [Deleted]
22.3 Time Limit Under Article 12 (3)
Rule 23 Transmittal of the Search Copy, Translation and Sequence Listing
23.1 Procedure
Rule 24 Receipt of the Record Copy by the International Bureau
24.1 [Deleted]
24.2 Notification of Receipt of the Record Copy
Rule 25 Receipt of the Search Copy by the International Searching Authority
25.1 Notification of Receipt of the Search Copy
Rule 26 Checking by, and Correcting Before, the Receiving Office of Certain Elements of the International Application
26.1 Time Limit for Check
26.2 Time Limit for Correction
26.2 bis Checking of Requirements Under Article 14(1)(a)(i) and (ii)
26.3 Checking of Physical Requirements Under Article 14 (1)(a)(v)
26.3 bis Invitation Under Article 14 (1)(b) to Correct Defects Under Rule 11
26.3 ter Invitation to Correct Defects Under Article 3 (4)(i)
26.4 Procedure
26.5 Decision of the Receiving Office
26.6 Missing Drawings
Rule 26 bis Correction or Addition of Priority Claim
26 bis .1 Correction or Addition of Priority Claim
26 bis .2 Invitation to Correct Defects in Priority Claims
26 ter .1 Correction or Addition of Declarations
26 ter .2 Processing of Declarations
Rule 27 Lack of Payment of Fees
27.1 Fees
Rule 28 Defects Noted by the International Bureau
28.1 Note on Certain Defects
Rule 29 International Applications Considered Withdrawn
29.1 Finding by Receiving Office
29.2 [Deleted]
29.3 Calling Certain Facts to the Attention of the Receiving Office
29.4 Notification of Intent to Make Declaration Under Article 14 (4)
Rule 30 Time Limit Under Article 14 (4)
30.1 Time Limit
Rule 31 Copies Required Under Article 13
31.1 Request for Copies
31.2 Preparation of Copies
Rule 32 Extension of Effects of International Application to Certain Successor States
32.1 Extension of International Application to Successor State
32.2 Effects of Extension to Successor State
Rule 32 bis [Deleted]
Rule 33 Relevant Prior Art for the International Search
33.1 Relevant Prior Art for the International Search
33.2 Fields to Be Covered by the International Search
33.3 Orientation of the International Search
Rule 34 Minimum Documentation
34.1 Definition
Rule 35 The Competent International Searching Authority
35.1 When Only One International Searching Authority Is Competent
35.2 When Several International Searching Authorities Are Competent
35.3 When the International Bureau Is Receiving Office Under Rule 19.1 (a)(iii)
Rule 36 Minimum Requirements for International Searching Authorities
36.1 Definition of Minimum Requirements
Rule 37 Missing or Defective Title
37.1 Lack of Title
37.2 Establishment of Title
Rule 38 Missing or Defective Abstract
38.1 Lack of Abstract
38.2 Establishment of Abstract
Rule 39 Subject Matter Under Article 17 (2)(a)(i)
39.1 Definition
Rule 40 Lack of Unity of Invention (International Search)
40.1 Invitation to Pay
40.2 Additional Fees
40.3 Time Limit
Rule 41 Earlier Search Other Than International Search
41.1 Obligation to Use Results; Refund of Fee
Rule 42 Time Limit for International Search
42.1 Time Limit for International Search
Rule 43 The International Search Report
43.1 Identifications
43.2 Dates
43.3 Classification
43.4 Language
43.5 Citations
43.6 Fields Searched
43.7 Remarks Concerning Unity of Invention
43.8 Authorized Officer
43.9 Additional Matter
43.10 Form
Rule 43 bis Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority
43 bis .1 Written Opinion
Rule 44 Transmittal of the International Search Report, Written Opinion, Etc.
44.1 Copies of Report or Declaration and Written Opinion
44.2 Title or Abstract
44.3 Copies of Cited Documents
Rule 44 bis International Preliminary Report on Patentability by the International Searching Authority
44 bis .1 Issuance of Report; Transmittal to the Applicant
44 bis .2 Communication to Designated Offices
44 bis .3 Translation for Designated Offices
44 bis .4 Observations on the Translation
Rule 44 ter Confidential Nature of Written Opinion, Report, Translation and Observations
44 ter .1 Confidential Nature
Rule 45 Translation of the International Search Report
45.1 Languages
Rule 46 Amendment of Claims Before the International Bureau
46.1 Time Limit
46.2 Where to File
46.3 Language of Amendments
46.4 Statement
46.5 Form of Amendments
Rule 47 Communication to Designated Offices
47.1 Procedure
47.2 Copies
47.3 Languages
47.4 Express Request Under Article 23 (2) Prior to International Publication
Rule 48 International Publication
48.1 Form
48.2 Contents
48.3 Languages of Publication
48.4 Earlier Publication on the Applicant's Request
48.5 Notification of National Publication
48.6 Announcing of Certain Facts
Rule 49 Copy, Translation and Fee Under Article 22
49.1 Notification
49.2 Languages
49.3 Statements Under Article 19 ; Indications Under Rule 13 bis .4
49.4 Use of National Form
49.5 Contents of and Physical Requirements for the Translation
49.6 Reinstatement of Rights After Failure to Perform the Acts Referred to in Article 22
Rule 49 bis Indications as to Protection Sought for Purposes of National Processing
49 bis .1 Choice of Certain Kinds of Protection
49 bis .2 Time of Furnishing Indications
Rule 50 Faculty Under Article 22 (3)
50.1 Exercise of Faculty
Rule 51 Review by Designated Offices
51.1 Time Limit for Presenting the Request to Send Copies
51.2 Copy of the Notice
51.3 Time Limit for Paying National Fee and Furnishing Translation
Rule 51 bis Certain National Requirements Allowed Under Article 27
51 bis .1 Certain National Requirements Allowed
51 bis .2 Certain Circumstances in Which Documents or Evidence May Not Be Required
51 bis .3 Opportunity to Comply with National Requirements
Rule 52 Amendment of the Claims, the Description, and the Drawings, Before Designated Offices
52.1 Time Limit
Rules Concerning Chapter II of the Treaty
Rule 53 The Demand
53.1 Form
53.2 Contents
53.3 The Petition
53.4 The Applicant
53.5 Agent or Common Representative
53.6 Identification of the International Application
53.7 Election of States
53.8 Signature
53.9 Statement Concerning Amendments
Rule 54 The Applicant Entitled to Make a Demand
54.1 Residence and Nationality
54.2 Right to Make a Demand
54.3 International Applications Filed with the International Bureau as Receiving Office
54.4 Applicant Not Entitled to Make a Demand
Rule 54 bis Time Limit for Making a Demand
54 bis .1 Time Limit for Making a Demand
Rule 55 Languages (International Preliminary Examination)
55.1 Language of Demand
55.2 Translation of International Application
55.3 Translation of Amendments
Rule 56 [Deleted]
Rule 57 The Handling Fee
57.1 Requirement to Pay
57.2 Amount
57.3 Time Limit for Payment; Amount Payable
57.4 [Deleted]
57.5 [Deleted]
57.6 Refund
Rule 58 The Preliminary Examination Fee
58.1 Right to Ask for a Fee
58.2 [Deleted]
58.3 Refund
Rule 58 bis Extension of Time Limits for Payment of Fees
58 bis .1 Invitation by the International Preliminary Examining Authority
58 bis .2 Late Payment Fee
Rule 59 The Competent International Preliminary Examining Authority
59.1 Demands Under Article 31 (2)(a)
59.2 Demands Under Article 31 (2)(b)
59.3 Transmittal of Demand to the Competent International Preliminary Examining Authority
Rule 60 Certain Defects in the Demand
60.1 Defects in the Demand
60.2 [Deleted]
Rule 61 Notification of the Demand and Elections
61.1 Notification to the International Bureau and the Applicant
61.2 Notification to the Elected Offices
61.3 Information for the Applicant
61.4 Publication in the Gazette
Rule 62 Copy of the Written Opinion by the International Searching Authority and of Amendments Under Article 19 for the International Preliminary Examining Authority
62.1 Copy of Written Opinion by International Searching Authority and of Amendments Made Before the Demand Is Filed
62.2 Amendments Made After the Demand Is Filed
Rule 62 bis Translation for the International Preliminary Examining Authority of the Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority
62 bis .1 Translation and Observations
Rule 63 Minimum Requirements for International Preliminary Examining Authorities
63.1 Definition of Minimum Requirements
Rule 64 Prior Art for International Preliminary Examination
64.1 Prior Art
64.2 Non-Written Disclosures
64.3 Certain Published Documents
Rule 65 Inventive Step or Non-Obviousness
65.1 Approach to Prior Art
65.2 Relevant Date
Rule 66 Procedure Before the International Preliminary Examining Authority
66.1 Basis of the International Preliminary Examination
66.1 bis Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority
66.2 Written Opinion of the International Preliminary Examining Authority
66.3 Formal Response to the International Preliminary Examining Authority
66.4 Additional Opportunity for Submitting Amendments or Arguments
66.4 bis Consideration of Amendments and Arguments
66.5 Amendment
66.6 Informal Communications with the Applicant
66.7 Copy and Translation of Earlier Application Whose Priority is Claimed
66.8 Form of Amendments
66.9 Language of Amendments
Rule 67 Subject Matter Under Article 34 (4)(a)(i)
67.1 Definition
Rule 68 Lack of Unity of Invention (International Preliminary Examination)
68.1 No Invitation to Restrict or Pay
68.2 Invitation to Restrict or Pay
68.3 Additional Fees
68.4 Procedure in the Case of Insufficient Restriction of the Claims
68.5 Main Invention
Rule 69 Start of and Time Limit for International Preliminary Examination
69.1 Start of International Preliminary Examination
69.2 Time Limit for International Preliminary Examination
Rule 70 International Preliminary Report on Patentability by the International Preliminary Examining Authority (International Preliminary Examination Report)
70.1 Definition
70.2 Basis of the Report
70.3 Identifications
70.4 Dates
70.5 Classification
70.6 Statement Under Article 35 (2)
70.7 Citations Under Article 35 (2)
70.8 Explanations Under Article 35 (2)
70.9 Non-Written Disclosures
70.10 Certain Published Documents
70.11 Mention of Amendments
70.12 Mention of Certain Defects and Other Matters
70.13 Remarks Concerning Unity of Invention
70.14 Authorized Officer
70.15 Form; Title
70.16 Annexes to the Report
70.17 Languages of the Report and the Annexes
Rule 71 Transmittal of the International Preliminary Examination Report
71.1 Recipients
71.2 Copies of Cited Documents
Rule 72 Translation of the International Preliminary Examination Report and of the Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority
72.1 Languages
72.2 Copy of Translation for the Applicant
72.2 bis Translation of the Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority Established Under Rule 43 bis .1
72.3 Observations on the Translation
Rule 73 Communication of the International Preliminary Examination Report or the Written Opinion of the International Searching Authority
73.1 Preparation of Copies
73.2 Communication to Elected Offices
Rule 74 Translations of Annexes of the International Preliminary Examination Report and Transmittal Thereof
74.1 Contents of Translation and Time Limit for Transmittal Thereof
Rule 75 [Deleted]
Rule 76 Copy, Translation and Fee Under Article 39 (1); Translation of Priority Document
76.1, 76.2 and 76.3 [Deleted]
76.4 Time Limit for Translation of Priority Document
76.5 Application of Rules 22.1(g), 47.1, 49, 49 bis and 51 bis
76.6 [Deleted]
Rule 77 Faculty Under Article 39 (1)(b)
77.1 Exercise of Faculty
Rule 78 Amendment of the Claims, the Description, and the Drawings, Before Elected Offices
78.1 Time Limit
78.2 [Deleted]
78.3 Utility Models
Rules Concerning Chapter III of the Treaty
Rule 79 Calendar
79.1 Expressing Dates
Rule 80 Computation of Time Limits
80.1 Periods Expressed in Years
80.2 Periods Expressed in Months
80.3 Periods Expressed in Days
80.4 Local Dates
80.5 Expiration on a Non-Working Day or Official Holiday
80.6 Date of Documents
80.7 End of Working Day
Rule 81 Modification of Time Limits Fixed in the Treaty
81.1 Proposal
81.2 Decision by the Assembly
81.3 Voting by Correspondence
Rule 82 Irregularities in the Mail Service
82.1 Delay or Loss in Mail
82.2 Interruption in the Mail Service
Rule 82 bis Excuse by the Designated or Elected State of Delays in Meeting Certain Time Limits
82 bis .1 Meaning of "Time Limit" in Article 48 (2)
82 bis .2 Reinstatement of Rights and Other Provisions to Which Article 48 (2) Applies
Rule 82 ter Rectification of Errors Made by the Receiving Office or by the International Bureau
82 ter .1 Errors Concerning the International Filing Date and the Priority Claim
Rule 83 Right to Practice Before International Authorities
83.1 Proof of Right
83.1 bis Where the International Bureau Is the Receiving Office
83.2 Information
Rules Concerning Chapter V of the Treaty
Rule 84 Expenses of Delegations
84.1 Expenses Borne by Governments
Rule 85 Absence of Quorum in the Assembly
85.1 Voting by Correspondence
Rule 86 The Gazette
86.1 Contents and Form
86.2 Languages; Access to the Gazette
86.3 Frequency
86.4 Sale
86.5 Title
86.6 Further Details
Rule 87 Copies of Publications
87.1 International Searching and Preliminary Examining Authorities
87.2 National Offices
Rule 88 Amendment of the Regulations
88.1 Requirement of Unanimity
88.2 [Deleted]
88.3 Requirement of Absence of Opposition by Certain States
88.4 Procedure
Rule 89 Administrative Instructions
89.1 Scope
89.2 Source
89.3 Publication and Entry into Force
Rules Concerning Several Chapters of the Treaty
Rule 89 bis Filing, Processing and Communication of International Applications and Other Documents in Electronic Form or by Electronic Means
89 bis .1 International Applications
89 bis .2 Other Documents
89 bis .3 Communication Between Offices
Rule 89 ter Copies in Electronic Form of Documents Filed on Paper
89 ter .1 Copies in Electronic Form of Documents Filed on Paper
Rule 90 Agents and Common Representatives
90.1 Appointment as Agent
90.2 Common Representative
90.3 Effects of Acts by or in Relation to Agents and Common Representatives
90.4 Manner of Appointment of Agent or Common Representative
90.5 General Power of Attorney
90.6 Revocation and Renunciation
Rule 90 bis Withdrawals
90 bis .1 Withdrawal of the International Application
90 bis .2 Withdrawal of Designations
90 bis .3 Withdrawal of Priority Claims
90 bis .4 Withdrawal of the Demand, or of Elections
90 bis .5 Signature
90 bis .6 Effect of Withdrawal
90 bis .7 Faculty Under Article 37 (4)(b)
Rule 91 Obvious Errors in Documents
91.1 Rectification
Rule 92 Correspondence
92.1 Need for Letter and for Signature
92.2 Languages
92.3 Mailings by National Offices and Intergovernmental Organizations
92.4 Reproductions
Rule 92 bis Recording of Changes in Certain Indications in the Request or the Demand
92 bis .1 Recording of Changes by the International Bureau
Rule 93 Keeping of Records and Files
93.1 The Receiving Office
93.2 The International Bureau
93.3 The International Searching and Preliminary Examining Authorities
93.4 Reproductions
Rule 93 bis Manner of Communication of Documents
93 bis .1 Communication on Request; Communication via Digital Library
Rule 94 Access to Files
94.1 Access to the File Held by the International Bureau
94.2 Access to the File Held by the International Preliminary Examining Authority
94.3 Access to the File Held by the Elected Office
Rule 95 Availability of Translations
95.1 Furnishing of Copies of Translations
Rule 96 The Schedule of Fees
96.1 Schedule of Fees Annexed to Regulations
Appendix T Index
Patent Cooperation Treaty
Patent Cooperation Treaty
Done at Washington on June 19, 1970, amended on September 28, 1979, modified on February 3, 1984, and October 3, 2001 (as in force from April 1, 2002)
_________________________________________
The Contracting States,
Desiring to make a contribution to the progress of science and technology,
Desiring to perfect the legal protection of inventions,
Desiring to simplify and render more economical the obtaining of protection for inventions where protection is sought in several countries,
Desiring to facilitate and accelerate access by the public to the technical information contained in documents describing new inventions,
Desiring to foster and accelerate the economic development of developing countries through the adoption of measures designed to increase the efficiency of their legal systems, whether national or regional, instituted for the protection of inventions by providing easily accessible information on the availability of technological solutions applicable to their special needs and by facilitating access to the ever expanding volume of modern technology,
Convinced that cooperation among nations will greatly facilitate the attainment of these aims,
Have concluded the present Treaty.
Introductory Provisions
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